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Country profile:
Malaysia
languages:
Malay (official), English, Chinese
dialects, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam
Head of state:
Sultan Mizan
Zainal Abidin
Federation
of Malaysia
religions: Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Hinduism,
Christianity, Sikhism
Agro-Industry Development
Agriculture in Malaysia
:- Malaysia is one of the leading economies of
the ten ASEAN Countries, and is achieving steady
growth. In Malaysia, oil palms, from which palm
oil is extracted, are grown on 40% of the
country's farm land, and rubber trees, from
which natural rubber is extracted, are grown on
a further 30%. Agriculture in this country has
been strongly supporting the economy by
specifically on plantation crops, to which
Malaysia has put the heaviest weight compared to
its Asian neighbors.
As a result, Malaysia grows edible agricultural
products on only about 30% of its total farm
land. The country's self-sufficiency rate for
grains, which exceeded 50% in1980, dropped to
27% (2003) over the course of about 20 years.
Also, the logging of tropical rainforests, once
promoted in order to develop plantations,
resulted to the difficult problem of striking a
balance between development and protection of
ecosystems, a problem that the country now has
to face. Increasing the national food
self-sufficiency ratio and promoting economic
development in a consistent way with
environmental protection are all important
challenges that Malaysia is tackling in the 21st
century.
Malaysia
boasts
one of
south-east
Asia's
most
vibrant
economies,
the
fruit of
decades
of
industrial
growth
and
political
stability.
Its
multi-ethnic,
multi-religious
society
encompasses
a
majority
Muslim
population
in most
of its
states
and an
economically-powerful
Chinese
community.
Consisting of
two regions
separated by
some 640 miles
of the South
China Sea,
Malaysia is a
federation of
13 states and
three federal
territories.
It is one of
the region's
key tourist
destinations,
offering
excellent
beaches and
brilliant
scenery. Dense
rainforests in
the eastern
states of
Sarawak and
Sabah, on the
island of
Borneo, are a
refuge for
wildlife and
tribal
traditions.
Malaysia
made
the
transformation
from a
farm-based
economy
Ethnic Malays
comprise some
60% of the
population.
Chinese
constitute
around 26%;
Indians and
indigenous
peoples make
up the rest.
The
communities
coexist in
relative
harmony,
although there
is little
racial
interaction.
Although since
1971 Malays
have benefited
from positive
discrimination
in business,
education and
the civil
service,
ethnic Chinese
continue to
hold economic
power and are
the wealthiest
community. The
Malays remain
the dominant
group in
politics while
the Indians
are among the
poorest.
The country is
among the
world's
biggest
producers of
computer disk
drives, palm
oil, rubber
and timber. It
has a
state-controlled
car maker,
Proton, and
tourism has
considerable
room for
expansion.
Malaysia's
economic
prospects have
been dented by
the global
economic
downturn,
which has hit
export markets
hard. In March
2009 the
government
unveiled a
$16bn economic
stimulus plan
as it sought
to stave off a
deep
recession.
The country
also faces
other serious
challenges -
politically,
in the form of
sustaining
stability in
the face of
religious
differences
and the ethnic
wealth gap,
and,
environmentally,
in preserving
its valuable
forests.
Malaysia's
human rights
record has
come in for
international
criticism.
Internal
security laws
allow suspects
to be detained
without charge
or trial.
The sultan is
a former ruler
of oil-rich
Terengganu
state. He was
44 when he was
sworn in.
The king's
role is
largely
ceremonial,
although he is
nominal head
of the armed
forces and all
laws and the
appointment of
every cabinet
minister
require his
assent.
Under
Malaysia's
constitutional
monarchy, the
position of
king is
rotated every
five years
between each
of the nine
hereditary
state rulers.
Malaysia's
first prime
minister,
Tunku Abdul
Rahman,
himself a
prince,
devised the
system after
independence
in 1957 to
spread power
among the
sultans and
rajas who had
ruled over
fiefdoms on
the Malay
peninsula for
hundreds of
years.
Prime
minister:
Najib Abdul
Razak
Najib Razak
was guaranteed
the post of
prime minister
in March 2009
when he became
the leader of
the United
Malays
National
Organisation,
the main party
in the
National Front
ruling
coalition.
Like
his
predecessor,
Mr
Najib
came
to the
job
promising
reforms
The son of the
country's
second prime
minister and
nephew of the
third, Mr
Najib is
regarded by
many
Malaysians as
political blue
blood and
seems to have
been destined
for the
premiership
from an early
age.
A
British-trained
economist, he
first entered
parliament at
the age of 23
- becoming the
youngest MP in
Malaysian
history - and
quickly rose
to prominence.
He has held
numerous
cabinet posts,
including
finance and
defence, and
was most
recently
deputy to
outgoing Prime
Minister
Abdullah
Badawi.
He took over
the
premiership at
a turbulent
time, and
faces the
enormous
challenge of
steering the
country
through the
global
financial
crisis, which
has hit the
economy hard.
Mr Najib
pledged
radical
reforms and a
more
transparent
government. He
said that one
of his
priorities
would be to
close a
widening
ethnic and
religious
divide, after
Malaysia's
ethnic
minorities
shifted
towards the
opposition in
large numbers
in the 2008
polls, fearing
their rights
were being
eroded.
But his rise
to power has
been marked by
a government
crackdown on
the resurgent
opposition,
with
allegations
that
strong-arm
tactics are
being used to
stifle
political
dissent.
His
predecessor,
Abdullah Ahmad
Badawi,
resigned as
prime minister
in April 2009
after the
governing
coalition
suffered a
heavy defeat
in a general
election in
March 2008.
Malaysia has
some of the
toughest
censorship
laws in the
world. The
authorities
exert
substantial
control over
the media and
can impose
restrictions
in the name of
national
security.
Malaysian
media
tycoon
Tiong
Hiew
King
reads
a copy
of the
Chinese-language
daily
Nanyang
Siang
Pau
The government
is keen to
insulate the
largely-Muslim
population
from what it
considers
harmful
foreign
influences on
TV. News is
subject to
censorship,
entertainment
shows and
music videos
regularly fall
foul of the
censors, and
scenes
featuring
swearing and
kissing are
routinely
removed from
TV programmes
and films.
The TV sector
comprises
commercial
networks and
pay-TV
operations.
Around a
quarter of TV
households
subscribe to
the Astro
multichannel
service.
Pay-TV
operators MiTV
and Fine TV
entered the
market in
2005. TV3 is
the leading
national
private,
terrestrial
broadcaster.
State-owned
Radio
Television
Malaysia (RTM)
operates two
TV networks
and many of
the country's
radio
services.
Private
stations are
on the air,
broadcasting
in Malay,
Tamil, Chinese
and English.
Newspapers
must renew
their
publication
licences
annually, and
the home
minister can
suspend or
revoke
publishing
permits.
Some web
sites, such as
Laman
Reformasi,
close to
former deputy
prime minister
Anwar Ibrahim,
freeMalaysia
and
Malaysiakini,
have attracted
official
criticism.