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Country profile:
Marshall-islands
language:
Marshallese, English
President:
Jurelang
Zedkaia
Republic
of the Marshall Islands
religion: Christianity
Agro-Industry Development
The traditional interplanting of
root crops and other vegetables with coconuts,
which maintained self-sufficiency in food and
provided the Marshallese with dietetic variety
before modern times, is still widely practiced
as a subsistence activity. Dried coconut meat,
known as copra, is produced on almost all
islands and atolls; some 6,500 ha (16,000 acres)
of coconut palm were productive. Taro,
breadfruit, and pandanus are also grown.
Food and livestock production has
grown modestly in the period from 1993 to 1997
(by about 3.5 percent annually), basically
reflecting the increase in the population.
However, production is not encouraged due to the
low prices of imported food as compared with
domestic output. A total of 60 percent of
caloric intake comes from imports. Local food
producers are hampered by poor transportation,
which raises the cost of their products. The
main food crops are bananas, breadfruit (a large
fruit with edible pulp and seeds), pandanus (a
fruit with edible nuts), taro (a starchy root
crop similar to the potato), vegetables, and
tropical fruits. Livestock is mostly poultry and
pigs, with some cattle.
The
Marshall
Islands
consist
of
two
chains
of
coral
atolls,
together
with
more
than
1,000
islets,
just
north
of
the
Equator.
The
atolls
are
coral
deposits
on
the
crater
rims
of
submerged
volcanoes.
The
islands
were
occupied
by
the
US
for
several
decades
after
World
War
II.
They
are
now
a
sovereign
nation
under
a
Compact
of
Free
Association
with
the
US.
The compact
came into
force in 1986
and was
renegotiated
in 2003. The
US controls
the security
and defence of
the islands,
which receive
millions of
dollars in aid
every year.
MARK OF
NUCLEAR
PAST
A huge
concrete
dome
over a
crater
left by
nuclear
blasts
on Runit
Island
caps off
radioactive
debris
from
tests in
the
1940s
and
1950s
Under the
compact, the
US pays an
annual rent to
use the
Kwajalein
atoll as a
base and
missile test
range.
The legacy of
the post-war
US occupation
is seen
particularly
starkly on
Bikini and
Enewetak,
which were
both used for
nuclear
weapons
testing
between 1946
and 1958.
The US paid
$150 million
in a
compensation
package for
the test
victims in the
1980s. But
whilst
Enewetak has
been partly
decontaminated,
Bikini is
still
uninhabitable.
The Marshall
Islands has
petitioned for
additional
compensation.
A major
problem for
the islands is
how to gain
some measure
of financial
independence
from the US.
Imports dwarf
exports,
unemployment
is high and
many islanders
live by
subsistence
farming.
Tourism is one
option;
unspoiled
beaches abound
and the
islands are an
ideal base for
scuba diving
and sports
fishing. The
islands also
sell fishing
rights to
other
countries, and
offer ship
registrations
under the
Marshall
Islands flag.
Traditional
chief Jurelang
Zedkaia was
elected
president in
October 2009
by a slender
17-15 margin,
replacing
Litokwa
Tomeing who
was ousted in
a
no-confidence
vote.
Marshall
Islanders
vote
in the
2007
elections
Mr Zedkaia,
the
parliamentary
speaker in the
Tomeing
government,
defeated the
only other
nominee,
former
president
Kessai Note.
A five-term
senator and
paramount
chief for the
capital atoll
of Majuro, Mr
Zedkaia was
speaker during
Mr Tomeing's
22 months in
office and was
a vice speaker
in earlier
administrations.
Mr Tomeing was
the first
leader to lose
a
no-confidence
vote in the
30-year
history of
constitutional
government in
the former US
Trust
territory.
The vote
followed a
power struggle
between Mr
Tomeing and Mr
Note who was
vying to
return to
power after he
lost office in
the last
election.
The government
generally
respects
freedom of
speech and of
the media,
although
journalists
occasionally
practice
self-censorship
on sensitive
political
issues.
A
privately-owned
weekly
newspaper is
published in
both English
and the
Marshallese
language. The
government's
monthly
contains
official news
but avoids
political
coverage.
State-owned
and private
radio stations
offer diverse
views.
American
forces radio
and TV
broadcasts can
be received in
some areas. US
TV channels
are available
via cable.
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2008, www.tajagroproducts.com All rights reserved.